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<H1>Overview of the Utah Raster Toolkit</H1>
<HR>
The Utah Raster Toolkit is a collection of programs and C
routines for dealing with raster images commonly encountered
in computer graphics. A device and system independent image
format stores images and information about them. Called the
RLE format, it uses run length encoding to reduce storage
space for most images. <P>
<HR>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
The programs (tools) currently included in the toolkit are
listed below, together with a short description of each one.
Most of the tools read one or more input RLE files and produce an
output RLE file. Some generate RLE files from other
information, and some read RLE files and produce output of a
different form.
<p>
An input file is almost always specified by mentioning its
name on the command line. Some commands, usually those
which take an indefinite number of non-file arguments (e.g.,
rleaddcom) require a -i flag to introduce the input file
name. If the input file name is absent the tool will usu-
ally read from the standard input. An input file name of
"-" also signals that the input should be taken from the
standard input.
<p>
On Unix systems, there are two other specially treated file
name forms. A file name starting with the character '|'
will be passed to sh(1) to run as a command. The output
from the command will be read by the tool. A file whose
name ends in ".Z" (and which does not begin with a '|') will
be decompressed by the compress(1) program. Both of these
options supply input to the tool through a pipe. Conse-
quently, certain programs (those that must read their input
twice) cannot take advantage of these features. This is
noted in the manual pages for the affected commands.
<p>
An output file is almost always specified using the option
-o outfile. If the option is missing, or if outfile is "-",
then the output will be written to the standard output.
<p>
On Unix systems, the special file name forms above may also
be used for output files. File names starting with '|' are
taken as a command to which the tool output will be sent.
If the file name ends in ".Z", then compress will be used to
produce a compressed output file.
<p>
Several images may be concatenated together into a single
file, and most of the tools will properly process all the
images. Those that will not are noted in their respective
man pages.
<p>
Picture comments. Images stored in RLE form may have
attached comments. There are some comments that are inter-
preted, created or manipulated by certain of the tools. In
the list below, a word enclosed in <> is a place-holder for
a value. The <> do not appear in the actual comment.
<p>
<dl>
<dt> image_gamma=<float number>
<dd> Images are sometimes computed with a particular
``gamma'' value -- that is, the pixel values in the
image are related to the actual intensity by a power
law, pixel_value=intensity^image_gamma. Some of the
display programs, and the buildmap(3) function will
look for this comment and automatically build a "com-
pensation table" to transform the pixel values back to
true intensity values.
<dt> display_gamma=<float number>
<dd> The display_gamma is just 1/image_gamma. That is, it
is the ``gamma'' of the display for which the image was
computed. If an image_gamma comment is not present,
but a display_gamma is, the displayed image will be
gamma corrected as above. The to8 program produces a
display_gamma comment.
<dt> colormap_length=<integer>
<dd> The length of the colormap stored in the RLE header
must be a power of two. However, the number of useful
entries in the colormap may be smaller than this. This
comment can be used to tell some of the display pro-
grams (getx11, in particular) how many of the colormap
entries are used. The assumption is that entries 0 -
colormap_length-1 are used. This comment is produced
by mcut, rlequant, and rledither.
<dt> image_title=<string>
<dd> This comment is used by getx11 to set the window title.
If present, the comment is used instead of the file
name. (No other programs currently pay attention to
this comment.) The comments IMAGE_TITLE, title, and
TITLE are also recognized, in that order. No programs
produce this comment.
<dt> HISTORY=<string>
<dd> All toolkit programs (with the exception of rleaddcom)
create or add to a HISTORY comment. Each tool appends
a line to this comment that contains its command line
arguments and the time it was run. Thus, the image
contains a history of all the things that were done to
it. No programs interpret this comment.
<dt> exponential_data
<dd> This comment should be present in a file stored in
``exponential'' form. See unexp(1) and float_to_exp(3)
for more information. The unexp program expects to see
this comment.
</dl>
<HR>
<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
<PRE>
<b>applymap</b> Apply color map to image data.
<b>avg4</b> Simple 2x2 downsizing filter.
<b>crop</b> Crop image.
<b>cubitorle</b> Convert Cubicomp format to RLE.
<b>dvirle</b> Typeset TeX ".dvi" files as RLE images.
<b>fant</b> Image scale/rotate with anti-aliasing.
<b>get4d</b> Display on SGI Iris/4D display.
<b>get_orion</b> Display on "Orion" display.
<b>getap</b> Display on Apollo.
<b>getbob</b> Display under HP window system.
<b>getcx3d</b> Display RLE on Chromatics CX3D.
<b>getfb</b> Display using BRL generic fb library.
<b>getgmr</b> Display on Grinnell GMR-27 frame buffer.
<b>getiris</b> Display on SGI 2400/3000 w/o window manager.
<b>getmac</b> Display on Mac under MPW.
<b>getmex</b> Display on SGI under the window manager.
<b>getqcr</b> Display on Matrix QCR camera.
<b>getren</b> Display on HP SRX.
<b>getsun</b> Display using SunTools.
<b>getx10</b> Display on X10 display.
<b>getx11</b> Display using X11.
<b>giftorle</b> Convert GIF files to RLE.
<b>graytorle</b> Convert separate rrr ggg bbb files to RLE.
<b>mcut</b> Median cut color quantization.
<b>mergechan</b> Merge colors from multiple images.
<B>painttorle</B> Convert MacPaint to RLE.
<b>pgmtorle</b> Convert PBMPLUS pgm format to RLE.
<b>ppmtorle</b> Convert PBMPLUS ppm format to RLE.
<b>pyrmask</b> Generate "pyramid" filter mask.
<b>rastorle</b> Convert Sun Raster to RLE.
<b>rawtorle</b> Convert various raw formats to RLE.
<b>read98721</b> Read the screen of an HP 98721 "Renaissance" to
an RLE file.
<b>repos</b> Reposition an image.
<b>rlatorle</b> Convert Wavefront RLA format to RLE.
<b>rleClock</b> Draws a clock face.
<b>rleaddcom</b> Add comments to an RLE file.
<b>rleaddeof</b> Add an EOF code to an RLE file.
<b>rlebg</b> Generate a "background".
<b>rlebox</b> Find bounding box of an image.
<b>rlecomp</b> Image composition.
<b>rledither</b> Floyd-Steinberg dither an image to a given colormap.
<b>rleflip</b> Flip an image or rotate it 90.
<b>rlehdr</b> Print info about an RLE file.
<b>rlehisto</b> Make a histogram of an image.
<b>rleldmap</b> Load a new colormap into a file.
<b>rlemandl</b> Make a Mandelbrot image.
<b>rlenoise</b> Add noise to an image.
<b>rlepatch</b> Patch smaller images on a big one.
<b>rleprint</b> Print all pixel values in image.
<b>rlequant</b> Variance based color quantization.
<b>rlescale</b> Generate a "gray scale".
<b>rleselect</b> Select images from an RLE file.
<b>rlesetbg</b> Set the background color of an image file.
<b>rleskel</b> Skeleton tool. Programming example.
<b>rlespiff</b> Simple contrast enhancement.
<b>rlesplice</b> Splice two images horizontally or vertically.
<b>rlesplit</b> Split concatenated images into files.
<b>rlestereo</b> Combine two images into a "red-green" stereo pair.
<b>rleswap</b> Swap or select color channels.
<b>rletoabA60</b> Convert RLE to Abekas A60 format.
<b>rletoabA62</b> Convert to Abekas A62 format.
<b>rletoascii</b> Make a line-printer/CRT version of an RLE image.
<b>rletogif</b> Convert RLE images to GIF format.
<b>rletogray</b> Convert RLE to separate rrr ggg bbb files.
<b>rletopaint</b> Convert RLE to MacPaint.
<b>rletoppm</b> Convert RLE to PBMPLUS ppm format.
<b>rletops</b> Convert RLE to (B&W) PostScript.
<b>rletorast</b> Convert RLE to Sun Raster.
<b>rletoraw</b> Convert RLE to rgbrgb raw format.
<b>rletorla</b> Convert RLE to Wavefront RLA format.
<b>rletotiff</b> Convert RLE to TIFF 24 bit format.
<b>rlezoom</b> Scale image by sub- or super-sampling.
<b>smush</b> Generic filtering.
<b>targatorle</b> Convert TARGA to RLE.
<b>tifftorl</b>e Convert TIFF 24 bit images to RLE.
<b>to8</b> 24 to 8 bit ordered dither color conversion.
<b>tobw</b> Color->B&W conversion.
<b>unexp</b> Convert "exp" format to normal colors.
<b>unslice</b> Paste together "slices" into a full image.
<b>wasatchrle</b> Convert Wasatch paint system to RLE.
</PRE>
<p>
<HR>
<H2>AUTHOR</H2>
Many people contributed to the Utah Raster Toolkit. This manual
page was originally written by Spencer W. Thomas, University of
Michigan, and updated by <A HREF =
"http://www.cs.utah.edu/~cvalique">Carolyn Valiquette</A>, University of
Utah.
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<address> Comments or questions to: <a href="mailto:gdc-web@gr.cs.utah.edu"> gdc-web@cs.utah.edu</a></address>
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